A measles outbreak is spreading in Gaines County, Texas, and health officials warn that more cases are likely due to the disease’s highly contagious nature. The Texas Health and Human Services Department (DSHS) confirmed that as of Tuesday, February 11, 24 cases have been reported, with nine patients hospitalized.
According to DSHS, all infected individuals are unvaccinated residents of Gaines County, located in the southern High Plains of West Texas, near the New Mexico border. South Plains Public Health District and Lubbock Public Health closely monitor the outbreak.
Who Is Most Affected?
More than half of the reported cases involve children between 5 and 18. This raises concerns about school outbreaks and the risk of further transmission in communities with low vaccination rates.
Symptoms of Measles: What to Watch For
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that measles symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure. Early symptoms include:
- High fever
- Cough and runny nose
- Watery, red eyes
After two to three days, small white spots, known as Koplik spots, develop inside the mouth. A red rash follows, usually within three to five days after symptoms start. It begins on the face and spreads to the neck, trunk, arms, legs, and feet.
How Contagious Is Measles?
Measles is one of the most contagious diseases. According to the CDC, if one person is infected, nine out of ten unvaccinated individuals in close contact will likely contract the virus. The disease spreads through coughing, sneezing, and direct contact with an infected person.
Prevention: How to Stay Protected
The best defense against measles is the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The CDC recommends:
- First dose at 12 to 15 months old
- The second dose is between 4 and 6 years old
- Teens and adults should also ensure they are up to date with MMR vaccinations
Two doses of the MMR vaccine are 97% effective at preventing measles, making it crucial for community immunity.
Is There a Cure for Measles?
There is no specific treatment for measles, but symptoms can be managed through:
- Acetaminophen or NSAIDs for fever and body aches
- Hydration by drinking plenty of fluids
- Rest to support immune function
- Saltwater gargles for throat discomfort
- Avoiding bright lights to reduce eye irritation
The virus typically runs its course within 10 to 14 days. However, complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and severe dehydration can occur, especially in young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.
Why This Outbreak Matters
The measles outbreak in Texas highlights the importance of vaccination in preventing future outbreaks. Health officials urge residents in impacted areas to get vaccinated and monitor symptoms to help stop the virus from spreading.